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System Design

Giriş

System Design, senior-level software engineers için kritik öneme sahip bir skill'dir. Large-scale, distributed systems tasarlamak, scalability, availability ve performance requirements'ları karşılamak için gereklidir. Bu bölüm, scalability, high availability, load balancing, caching strategies ve database sharding konularını kapsar.

Kapsanan Konular

1. Scalability

Horizontal vs vertical scaling, scaling strategies, ve capacity planning.

Öğrenilecekler: - Horizontal scaling - Vertical scaling - Auto-scaling - Capacity planning - Performance optimization

2. High Availability

Fault tolerance, redundancy, ve disaster recovery strategies.

Öğrenilecekler: - Fault tolerance patterns - Redundancy strategies - Disaster recovery - Failover mechanisms - Health monitoring

3. Load Balancing

Load distribution, traffic management, ve health checking.

Öğrenilecekler: - Load balancing algorithms - Traffic distribution - Health checking - Session persistence - Geographic distribution

4. Caching Strategies

Multi-level caching, cache invalidation, ve cache distribution.

Öğrenilecekler: - Multi-level caching - Cache invalidation - Cache distribution - Cache consistency - Cache performance

5. Database Sharding

Data partitioning, sharding strategies, ve cross-shard operations.

Öğrenilecekler: - Sharding strategies - Data partitioning - Cross-shard operations - Shard management - Data consistency

Neden Önemli?

1. Large-Scale Systems

  • Enterprise applications
  • Cloud services
  • Distributed systems
  • High-traffic applications
  • Mission-critical systems

2. Career Growth

  • Senior engineer requirements
  • Technical leadership
  • Architecture decisions
  • System design interviews
  • Technical expertise

3. Business Impact

  • System reliability
  • Performance optimization
  • Cost optimization
  • User experience
  • Competitive advantage

4. Technical Excellence

  • Best practices
  • Proven patterns
  • Scalable solutions
  • Maintainable architecture
  • Future-proof design

Mülakat Soruları

Temel Sorular

  1. System design nedir?

  2. Cevap: Large-scale system architecture, scalability, availability, performance.

  3. Scalability nedir?

  4. Cevap: System capacity, performance improvement, resource utilization.

  5. High availability nasıl sağlanır?

  6. Cevap: Fault tolerance, redundancy, failover, health monitoring.

  7. Load balancing nasıl çalışır?

  8. Cevap: Traffic distribution, health checking, algorithm selection.

  9. Database sharding nedir?

  10. Cevap: Data partitioning, horizontal scaling, shard management.

Teknik Sorular

  1. Horizontal scaling nasıl implement edilir?

  2. Cevap: Stateless design, load balancing, data distribution, auto-scaling.

  3. Fault tolerance nasıl sağlanır?

  4. Cevap: Circuit breaker, retry policies, fallback mechanisms, health checks.

  5. Cache consistency nasıl sağlanır?

  6. Cevap: Cache invalidation, write-through, write-behind, eventual consistency.

  7. Cross-shard transactions nasıl handle edilir?

  8. Cevap: Saga pattern, two-phase commit, eventual consistency, compensation.

  9. System monitoring nasıl yapılır?

  10. Cevap: Metrics collection, alerting, health checks, performance monitoring.

Best Practices

1. Scalability Design

  • Design for horizontal scaling
  • Use stateless services
  • Implement auto-scaling
  • Plan for capacity growth
  • Monitor performance

2. Availability Planning

  • Implement redundancy
  • Design fault tolerance
  • Plan disaster recovery
  • Monitor system health
  • Test failover scenarios

3. Performance Optimization

  • Use appropriate caching
  • Optimize database queries
  • Implement load balancing
  • Monitor bottlenecks
  • Plan for optimization

4. Data Management

  • Choose appropriate sharding
  • Plan for data growth
  • Implement backup strategies
  • Monitor data consistency
  • Plan for migration

5. Monitoring & Maintenance

  • Implement comprehensive monitoring
  • Set up alerting
  • Monitor system health
  • Plan for maintenance
  • Document architecture

Kaynaklar