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Microservices

Giriş

Microservices, modern software architecture'da scalability, maintainability ve team autonomy için kritik öneme sahip bir architectural style'dır. Mid-level geliştiriciler için microservices'i anlamak, distributed systems, service communication ve cloud-native applications geliştirmek için gereklidir. Bu bölüm, service communication, API gateway, service discovery, circuit breaker ve event sourcing konularını kapsar.

Kapsanan Konular

1. Service Communication

Inter-service communication patterns, synchronous vs asynchronous communication.

Öğrenilecekler: - REST API communication - Message-based communication - gRPC communication - Communication patterns - Service contracts

2. API Gateway

Centralized API management, routing, ve cross-cutting concerns.

Öğrenilecekler: - API gateway design - Routing strategies - Authentication/Authorization - Rate limiting - Request/Response transformation

3. Service Discovery

Service registration, service discovery, ve load balancing.

Öğrenilecekler: - Service registration - Service discovery - Health checking - Load balancing - Service mesh

4. Circuit Breaker

Fault tolerance, resilience patterns, ve error handling.

Öğrenilecekler: - Circuit breaker pattern - Fault tolerance - Resilience strategies - Error handling - Fallback mechanisms

5. Event Sourcing

Event-driven architecture, event storage, ve event replay.

Öğrenilecekler: - Event sourcing pattern - Event store - Event replay - Event versioning - Event migration

Neden Önemli?

1. Scalability

  • Independent scaling
  • Resource optimization
  • Load distribution
  • Performance improvement

2. Maintainability

  • Independent deployment
  • Technology diversity
  • Team autonomy
  • Faster development

3. Resilience

  • Fault isolation
  • Service independence
  • Better error handling
  • Improved availability

4. Team Productivity

  • Parallel development
  • Independent teams
  • Technology choice
  • Faster delivery

Mülakat Soruları

Temel Sorular

  1. Microservices nedir?

  2. Cevap: Small, independent services, single responsibility, independent deployment.

  3. Service communication nasıl yapılır?

  4. Cevap: REST APIs, message queues, gRPC, event-driven communication.

  5. API Gateway nedir?

  6. Cevap: Centralized API management, routing, cross-cutting concerns.

  7. Service discovery nasıl çalışır?

  8. Cevap: Service registration, health checking, load balancing.

  9. Circuit breaker nedir?

  10. Cevap: Fault tolerance pattern, failure detection, fallback mechanisms.

Teknik Sorular

  1. Microservices data consistency nasıl sağlanır?

  2. Cevap: Saga pattern, eventual consistency, distributed transactions.

  3. Service mesh nasıl implement edilir?

  4. Cevap: Sidecar proxies, service-to-service communication, traffic management.

  5. Event sourcing nasıl uygulanır?

  6. Cevap: Event store, event replay, event versioning, migration strategies.

  7. API versioning nasıl yapılır?

  8. Cevap: URL versioning, header versioning, content negotiation.

  9. Distributed tracing nasıl implement edilir?

  10. Cevap: Correlation IDs, span propagation, trace visualization.

Best Practices

1. Service Design

  • Single responsibility
  • Loose coupling
  • High cohesion
  • Clear boundaries
  • Independent deployment

2. Communication Patterns

  • RESTful APIs
  • Message queues
  • Event-driven architecture
  • Service contracts
  • API versioning

3. Data Management

  • Database per service
  • Eventual consistency
  • Saga pattern
  • CQRS pattern
  • Data migration

4. Monitoring & Observability

  • Distributed tracing
  • Centralized logging
  • Health checks
  • Metrics collection
  • Alerting

5. Security & Resilience

  • Authentication/Authorization
  • Circuit breaker
  • Retry policies
  • Timeout handling
  • Fallback mechanisms

Kaynaklar